Development, synthesis, classification and characterization techniques of geopolymer cement - a review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13171/mjc02504051808cherotichAbstract
The manufacture of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) involves significant energy consumption, dust emission into the atmosphere, and the release of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) release. This leads to climate change and environmental concerns. A geopolymer binder is an inorganic polymer produced when aluminosilicates and alkalis undergo a polycondensation reaction. They have three-dimensional aluminosilicate frameworks that are amorphous or semi-crystalline and are made by the accompanying tetrahedral (SiO4)4- and (AlO4)5-. They can be synthesized using a variety of industrial by-products and natural aluminosilicate materials such as blast furnace slag, fly ash, rice husk ash, and metakaolin. Geopolymers exhibit excellent mechanical properties such as compressive strength and resistance to chemical attack. Geopolymers' durability and mechanical performance have attracted a lot of attention recently in the building and research sector because utilizing geopolymers as a sustainable alternative to OPC would significantly reduce GreenHouse Gases (GHG) emissions. Numerous studies have reported that geopolymer cement is a possible substitute for OPC in sustainable building materials since it has been shown to have better mechanical qualities, increased durability, and reduced carbon emissions. The present review highlights the synthesis techniques and classification of geopolymer cement based on materials utilized in their production, geopolymer concrete characterization techniques based on fresh and mechanical properties, and the durability performance since the last decade. The review also features the current development and applications of geopolymer cement. This review will provide the need for continuous research and development efforts to maximize geopolymer performance, enhance its properties, and expand its application ranges in the construction industry.
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