Cover Image

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Thymus zygis subsp. gracilis (Boiss.) R. Morales essential oils from Morocco

Souad Yakoubi, Ali Cherrat, Mohamed Diouri, Fatima EL Hilali, Touriya Zair

Abstract


Thymus zygis subsp. gracilis samples were collected from different Moroccan Middle Atlas sites at three phenological stages. Chemical composition of essential oils obtained from these samples was studied and their antimicrobial activity was evaluated. GC-MS analysis of essential oils shows quantitative and qualitative changes in the chemical profile. Twenty-three components were detected. These compounds fall under at least four chemical families whose relative importance varies with the sites and the phenological stages. Monoterpens were the most abundant and their percentage in essential oils varied from 61.38 to 94.91. Carvacrol (16.07 to 74.33%), thymol (1.47 to 32.46%), p-cymene (6.97 to 40.26%) and γ-terpinene (2.68 to 22%) were the main constituents. Bactericidal property of Thymus zygis essential oils was also evaluated in vitro against six strains of phytopathogenic bacteria. All bacterial strains tested were susceptible to essential oils. Maximum activity was observed against the Gram-negative bacterium Erwinia amylovora and Gram-positive actinomycete Streptomyces scabiei. The most bactericidal effect was observed against Streptomyces scabei. Its minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 50 μg.mL-1 . At post-flowering stage, carvacrol chemical profile was the most efficient.

Full Text:

PDF

References


- R.L. Carson: Silent spring. Riverside Press. Cambridge, MA, USA, 1962.

- OMS, L'utilisation des pesticides en agriculture et ses conséquences pour la santé publique. Genève, Suisse, 1991, 96(16) l50p.

- H.M.G. Van der Werf, Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 1996, 60(2), 81-96.

- M. Lis-Balchin and S.G. Deans, J. Appl. Microbiol., 1997, 82, 759-762.

- K.A. Hammer, C.F. Carson, T.V. Riley, J. Appl. Microbiol., 1999, 86, 985-990.

- M.G. Miguel, a short review, Molecules, 2010, 15(12), 9252-9287.

- M. Zuzarte, M.J. Gonçalves, J. Canhoto and L. Salgueiro, Chemistry and Biodiversity, 2011, 8, 924-936.

- J.R. Soares, T.C. Dinis, A.P. Cunha and L.M. Almeida, Free Radical Res., 1997, 26(5), 469-478.

- I. Rasooli and S.A. Mirmostafa, Fitoterapia, 2002, 73, 244-250.

- M.G. Miguel, M. Simöes, A.C. Figueiredo, J.C. Barroso, L.G. Pedro and L. Carvalho, Food Chem., 2004, 86, 183-188.

- M. Hazzit, A. Baaliouamer, A.R. Verissimo, M.L. Faleiro, and M.G. Miguel, Food Chem. 2009, 116, 714-721.

- S.A. Dandlen, A.S. Lima, M.D. Mendes, M.G. Miguel, M.L. Faleiro, M.J. Sousa, L.G. Pedro, J.G. Barroso and A.C. Figueiredo, Flavour and fragrance, 2010, 25(3), 150-155.

- M. Fennane, M. Ibn Tatou, Flore Pratique du Maroc, Volume 2. Trav. Inst. Sci. Rabat. Sér. Bot. 38, 2007.

- R. Morales, The history, botany and taxonomy of the genus Thymus. In: Thyme: the genus Thymus; ed. by Stahl-Biskup E & Sáez F; Taylor & Francis, London, 2002, pp. 1-43.

- E. Stahl-Biskup, a review of the literature 1960–1989, J. Essent. Oil Res., 1991, 3, 61-82.

- R. Morales, Ruizia, 1986, 3, 5-324.

- P.S. Gómez, J.A.S. Sánchez, M.C.S. Cano, E.C. Castellanos, and M.C.G. Vallejo, J. Essent. Oil Res., 1995, 7, 399-402.

- T. Adzet, R. Granger, and J. Passet, Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 1977, 5, 269-272.

- F. Sáez, Phytochemistry, 1995b, 40, 819-825.

- R.P. Sánchez, J.L Ubera, F. Lafont and C. Gálvez, Journal of Essential Oil Research, 2008, 20(3), 192-200.

- R. Morales, Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid., 1994, 51(2), 205-236.

- H. Richard, B. Benjilali, N. Banqourou and O. Baritaux, Lebensm-Wiss. U. Technol., 1985, 18, 105-110.

- N. Lattaoui, A. T. Elaraki and A.J. Errifi, J. Essential Oil Res., 1993, 5, 45-53.

- A. Jaafari, H. Ait Mouse, El M. Rakib, L. Ait M’barek, M. Tilaoui, C. Benbakhta, A. Boulli, A. Abbad and A. Zyad, Rev. Bras. Farmacogn., 2007, 17(4), 477-491.

- F. Amarti, M. El Ajjouri, M. Ghanmi, B. Satrani, A. Aafi, A. Farah, A. Khia, A. Guedira, M. Rahouti, A. Chaouch, Phytothérapie, 2011, 9(3), 149-157.

- G. Bell and M.J. Lechowicz, J. Eco., 1991, 79, 663-685.

- M. Tarayre, J.D. Thompson, J. Escarré and Y.B. Linhart, Oecologia, 1995, 101, 110-118.

- P.H. Gouyon, P. Vernet, J.L. Guillerm, G. Valdeyron, Heredity, 1986, 57, 59-66

- N. Lattaoui and A.T. Elaraki, Riv. Ital. EPPOS., 1994, 13, 13-19.

- H. Ismaili, L. Milella, S.F. Tetouani, A. Ilidrissi, A. Camporese, S. Sosa, G. Altinier and R.D.L. Aquino, J. Ethnopharmacol., 2004, 91, 31-36.

- K. El Habazi, A. Ouacherif, A. Laroubi, R. Aboufatima, A. Abbad, A. Benharref, A. Zyad, A. Chait and A. Dalal, Afr. J. Microbiol., 2008, 2, 262-267.

- L. El Bouzidi, C.A. Jamali, K. Bekkouche, L. Hassani, H. Wohlmuth, D. Leach and A. Abbad, Industrial Crops and Products, 2013, 43, 450-456.

- I. Wendelin, R. Gasser and E.C. Reisihgera, Journal of Spirochetal and Tick Borne Diseases, 1997, 4, 7-10.

- M.M. Martins, M.G.B. Gil, M.L.B da Costa and M. Rouzet, Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 177-182.

- J.B. Salas, Contribución al conocimiento de los recursos fitogenéticos de Extremadura: el caso de los tomillos. Doctoral thesis. Univ. Extremadura [In Spanish] 2005.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13171/mjc.3.1.2014.01.04.18

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2015 Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry